Control Flow

Core idea

Control flow decides which part of the program runs. This is how programs react to different situations.

Main tools

• if runs code when a condition is true.
• else runs when the condition is false.
• else if lets you check more than one case.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  int score = 78;

  if (score >= 90) {
    std::cout << "Excellent\n";
  } else if (score >= 60) {
    std::cout << "Pass\n";
  } else {
    std::cout << "Needs more practice\n";
  }
}

Revision points

• Conditions usually compare values with operators like >, <, ==, and !=.
• Curly braces help group the code that belongs to each branch.
• Read the condition like a question: "Is this true?"
• Start with if and else before worrying about complex branching.

What to remember

Control flow makes programs feel smart because they can choose what to do next.

Next step

Once decisions feel clear, loops help you repeat work without copying code.